How is inheritance beneficial in programming?

Inheritance is a key feature in object-oriented programming that allows a new class to inherit the properties and behaviors (methods) of an existing class. This mechanism is beneficial because it promotes code reusability and establishes a relationship known as "is a" relationship. When a class inherits from another class, it can use the common attributes (data fields) and methods (functions) defined in the parent class without needing to rewrite that code.

In this framework, a child class can extend or customize the behaviors of the parent class, leading to a structured and organized code base. For example, if you have a class called "Vehicle" with common attributes such as "speed" and "color," a class called "Car" can inherit these attributes from "Vehicle" and may also define additional properties or methods specific to cars, such as "number of doors" or "trunk capacity." This approach not only reduces redundancy but also makes maintenance easier because changes made in the parent class automatically propagate to any child classes that inherit from it.

The other options touch on important programming concepts but do not directly pertain to the specific advantages of inheritance. Encapsulation, discussed in another context, focuses on hiding the data within a class, while simplifying relationships and preventing data duplication