What does the term "requirements gathering" refer to?

The term "requirements gathering" refers specifically to the process of defining user expectations for a new system. This is a critical phase in systems analysis and design because understanding what users need allows developers to create a system that meets those requirements effectively. Requirements gathering typically involves various techniques such as interviews, surveys, and workshops to ensure that the voices of stakeholders are heard and their needs are adequately documented.

By clarifying what functionalities, features, and performance criteria are essential from the users' perspective, the team can align the development process with real-world demands. This foundational work not only guides design and development but also helps in ensuring that the final system delivers value to its users.

In contrast, the other processes listed—coding, testing, and training—are subsequent phases in the system development lifecycle that cannot be adequately addressed without first establishing a clear set of requirements. Each of those actions relies heavily on the requirements gathered beforehand to ensure that they are executed effectively and contribute toward building a successful system.